Unfortunately no: the mobile version is a fully-fledged version, requiring many months of work to optimize and adapt it to the needs of mobile gamers. You'll have to buy the game again on the Google Play Store or the App Store if you want to play Subnautica: Below Zero on mobile.

Note that it's not possible to transfer your PC / console savegame to mobile either. 

Time to start a new game on Planet 4546B!