Unfortunately not: the mobile version is a fully-fledged version, requiring many months of work to optimize and adapt it to the needs of mobile gamers. You'll have to buy the game again on the Google Play Store or the App Store if you want to play Subnautica mobile.

Note that it's not possible to transfer your PC / console savegame to mobile either. 

It's time to start a new game on the way to school or work! (But please, not while you're at it - we can't be held responsible if you get caught).